The United Bengali Liberation Front (UBLF) came into existence in October 1999. The proclaimed objective of the outfit is protection of the Bengali population in the Tripura state from attacks by other militant outfits such as the National Liberation Front of Twipra (NLFT). The NLFT has reportedly carried out targeted attacks against non-tribals.

Important leaders of the group include Biplab Das and Bijon Basu among others. UBLF militants have a modus operandi under which, an attack is always carried out against tribals in by hurling bombs from a distance. This operation strategy is different from that of the NLFT or the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) in the sense that UBLF militants move about in small groups and single out victims at isolated spots. Their target could be a moving vehicle or a small conglomeration of tribes away from the settlement.

The group has been making efforts to establish linkages with the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) and National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB). It is through such organisations that it tries to reach out sympathisers in neighbouring Bangladesh.

UBLF is not a proscribed outfit under the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002, but has been banned by the state government. UBLF militants are also alleged to be involved in activities such as kidnappings, extortion, arson besides the killing of tribals.